项目上需要用snmp来做告警监控管理,达到对系统的运行状态的监测。这几天研究了一下,发现网上资料比较少,大多数抄来抄去,能够正确运行的更少。所以,总结了一下,把相关的代码放上来,希望能够帮助同样遇到困惑的朋友。 havenzhao

项目名称为DCS系统,采用VS2010开发,DCS作为被监测的对象,因此需要实现snmp的Agent扩展。最开始的方法,采用了WinSnmp,发现步骤很繁琐,需要编写dll,需要手动修改注册表,需要安装snmp协议服务,可行性和意义都不大。又研究了开源软件net-snmp,snmp++,agent++。网上说net-snmp主要适用于Linux平台,在这几天的开发中,它完全能够胜任Windows平台,只是网上的资料偏少而已。

DCS就是使用net-snmp(版本是5.7.1),实现了Windows平台下的Agent端,实现了get、set、trap命令。

接下来的工作,我们这样展开:

1、首先要得到四个lib库以及一个dll文件:netsnmp.lib netsnmpagent.lib netsnmpmibs.lib netsnmptrapd.lib,netsnmp.dll。在下载了net-snmp的源码后,编译,需要阅读源码下的“README.win32”文件,工程默认的是VC6.0的,但由于要装SDK之类的,我直接转化为VS2010的了,实际上,还可以转为VS2003、VS2005、VS2008,看你手头上用的哪个版本的编译器了。只编译win32dll.dsw工程就可以得到想要的东西了。

2、下载net-snmp的5.4版msi文件安装,默认路径C:\usr安装,安装过程中选择开发支持。没有找到5.7的,随便下个5.4的,安装上就行,但要主要选用默认的安装路径(更改安装路径,不知道可不可行,没有尝试),一路默认即可。安装的目的在于我们要配置后缀名为conf的文件,没有这个配置选项,将不能使用net-snmp的服务,我怀疑这个文件在源码中有个对应关系,不然怎么知道配置文件在路径C:\usr\etc\snmp下呢?如果只实现trap命令,这步可以省略。

3、建立C++的控制台工程,一个空的工程就可以。设置工程的包含头文件和lib文件。这里需要注意的一点是:include头文件,我把net-snmp5.7.1下的头文件都包含过来了,lib库文件,就是上面4个lib库,别忘了设置连接器:在项目属性的--连接器--输入--"附加依赖项":添加netsnmp.lib netsnmpagent.lib netsnmpmibs.lib netsnmptrapd.lib wsock32.lib; 如果环境变量没有起作用,netsnmp.dll与exe文件放在同一文件夹下就可以了。注意:wsock32.lib是其它lib库里用到的,缺少它会报错。

4、工程建立完了,配置好了,那就写代码吧!新建3个文件,一个入口函数文件,一个mib库的实现文件,一个头文件。我们先拿网上的例子试一下,参照这篇文章;

example-demon.c

#include <net-snmp/net-snmp-config.h>

#include <net-snmp/net-snmp-includes.h>
#include <net-snmp/agent/net-snmp-agent-includes.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include "nstAgentSubagentObject.h"

static int keep_running;

RETSIGTYPE

stop_server(int a) {
          keep_running = 0;
}

int main (int argc, char **argv) {

        //int agentx_subagent=1; /* change this if you want to be a SNMP master agent */
        int agentx_subagent=0;
        int background = 0; /* change this if you want to run in the background */
        int syslog = 0; /* change this if you want to use syslog */

        /* print log errors to syslog or stderr */

        if (syslog)
         ;
          //snmp_enable_calllog();
        else
          snmp_enable_stderrlog();

        /* we're an agentx subagent? */

        if (agentx_subagent) {
          /* make us a agentx client. */
          netsnmp_ds_set_boolean(NETSNMP_DS_APPLICATION_ID, NETSNMP_DS_AGENT_ROLE, 1);
        }

        /* run in background, if requested */

        if (background && netsnmp_daemonize(1, !syslog))
            exit(1);

        /* initialize tcpip, if necessary */

        SOCK_STARTUP;

        /* initialize the agent library */

        init_agent("example-demon");

        /* initialize mib code here */

        /* mib code: init_nstAgentSubagentObject from nstAgentSubagentObject.C */

        init_nstAgentSubagentObject(); 

        /* initialize vacm/usm access control        */

        if (!agentx_subagent) {
            init_vacm_vars();
            init_usmUser();
        }

        /* example-demon will be used to read example-demon.conf files. */

        /*在这里读取一个example-demon.conf的配置文件,这是关键*/
        init_snmp("example-demon");

        /* If we're going to be a snmp master agent, initial the ports */

        if (!agentx_subagent)
          init_master_agent();        /* open the port to listen on (defaults to udp:161) */

        /* In case we recevie a request to stop (kill -TERM or kill -INT) */

        keep_running = 1;
        signal(SIGTERM, stop_server);
        signal(SIGINT, stop_server);

        snmp_log(LOG_INFO,"example-demon is up and running.\n");

        /* your main loop here... */

        while(keep_running) {
          /* if you use select(), see snmp_select_info() in snmp_api(3) */
          /*           --- OR ---        */
          agent_check_and_process(1); /* 0 == don't block */
        }

        /* at shutdown time */

        snmp_shutdown("example-demon");
        SOCK_CLEANUP;

        return 0;

}

nstAgentSubagentObject.h

/*

* Note: this file originally auto-generated by mib2c using
*              : mib2c.int_watch.conf,v 5.0 2002/04/20 07:30:13 hardaker Exp $
*/
#ifndef NSTAGENTSUBAGENTOBJECT_H
#define NSTAGENTSUBAGENTOBJECT_H

/*

* function declarations
*/
void                  init_nstAgentSubagentObject(void);

#endif                                /* NSTAGENTSUBAGENTOBJECT_H */

nstAgentSubagentObject.c

/*

* Note: this file originally auto-generated by mib2c using
*              : mib2c.int_watch.conf,v 5.0 2002/04/20 07:30:13 hardaker Exp $
*/

#include <net-snmp/net-snmp-config.h>

#include <net-snmp/net-snmp-includes.h>
#include <net-snmp/agent/net-snmp-agent-includes.h>
#include "nstAgentSubagentObject.h"

/*

* the variable we want to tie an OID to.        The agent will handle all
* * GET and SET requests to this variable changing it's value as needed.
*/

static int  nstAgentSubagentObject = 6;

/*

* our initialization routine, automatically called by the agent
* (to get called, the function name must match init_FILENAME())
*/
void
init_nstAgentSubagentObject(void)
{
          static oid            nstAgentSubagentObject_oid[] =
              { 1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 1, 8072, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 0 };

          /*

           * a debugging statement.        Run the agent with -DnstAgentSubagentObject to see
           * the output of this debugging statement.
           */
          DEBUGMSGTL(("nstAgentSubagentObject",
                      "Initializing the nstAgentSubagentObject module\n"));

          /*

           * the line below registers our variables defined above as
           * accessible and makes it writable.        A read only version of any
           * of these registration would merely call
           * register_read_only_int_instance() instead.        The functions
           * called below should be consistent with your MIB, however.
           *
           * If we wanted a callback when the value was retrieved or set
           * (even though the details of doing this are handled for you),
           * you could change the NULL pointer below to a valid handler
           * function.
           */
          DEBUGMSGTL(("nstAgentSubagentObject",
                      "Initalizing nstAgentSubagentObject scalar integer.        Default value = %d\n",
                      nstAgentSubagentObject));

          netsnmp_register_int_instance("nstAgentSubagentObject",

                                        nstAgentSubagentObject_oid,
                                        OID_LENGTH(nstAgentSubagentObject_oid),
                                        &nstAgentSubagentObject, NULL);

          DEBUGMSGTL(("nstAgentSubagentObject",

                      "Done initalizing nstAgentSubagentObject module\n"));
}
编译链接通过!恭喜你!

5、 在C:\usr\etc'\snmp下建立example-demon.conf。内容如下:

#community 的读写根据需要设,

rwcommunity        public
agentaddress        161

6、如果开启snmpd服务,先关闭。启动上面项目的可执行文件。

7、启动cmd,执行:

snmpget -v1 -c public localhost 1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.2.4.1.1.2.0

结果:NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmp.2.4.1.1.2.0 = INTEGER: 6

snmpset -v1 -c public localhost 1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.2.4.1.1.2.0 i 5

结果:NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmp.2.4.1.1.2.0 = INTEGER: 5

snmpget -v1 -c public localhost 1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.2.4.1.1.2.0

结果:NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmp.2.4.1.1.2.0 = INTEGER: 5

OK!大功告成!

至此,havenzhao 我们实现了windows下利用net-snmp扩展。这只是一个最简单的例子,能够使用agent接收一个int变量的get/set命令。接下来,我们发现这只是×××长征的第一步……